1. Flexion Extension

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The first pair of movements I will be talking about is the flexion and extension. Let's start with flexion first. Flexion is the action of bringing two segments of the body closer together, therefore reducing the joint angle between them.

Here's an example with the elbow joint. We have the forearm segment and the upper arm segment. When I am flexing my elbow, I am bringing my forearm closer to my upper arm, therefore closing the angle of the elbow joint. If we take the hip as another example, when I am flexing my hip, I am bringing my thigh closer to my trunk, and therefore I am closing the angle of my hip joint. If you have understood flexion, think of extension as the opposite. Essentially, extension is the action of bringing two body segments further apart and widening the jont angle between them.

Using the elbow as an example again, when I am extending my elbow, I am bringing my forearm further away from my upper arm. Notice that the elbow angle also increases. Looking at the hip joint, when I am extending my hip, I am bringing my thigh away from my trunk, thus increasing the joint angle.

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